Before the 1871 unification of Germany, it was a fully sovereign city state, and before 1919 formed a civic republic headed constitutionally by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten. The official name reflects Hamburg's history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League and a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire. The local dialect is a variant of Low Saxon. The Port of Hamburg is Germany's largest and Europe's third-largest, after Rotterdam and Antwerp. Hamburg is one of Germany's three city-states alongside Berlin and Bremen, and is surrounded by Schleswig-Holstein to the north and Lower Saxony to the south. At the southern tip of the Jutland Peninsula, Hamburg stands on the branching River Elbe at the head of a 110 km (68 mi) estuary down to the North Sea, on the mouth of the Alster and Bille. Hamburg's urban area has a population of around 2.5 million and is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region, which has a population of over 5.1 million people in total. Hamburg ( German: ( listen), locally also ( listen) Low Saxon: Hamborg ( listen)), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg ( German: Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg Low Saxon: Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg), is the second-largest city in Germany after Berlin, as well as the overall 8th-largest city and largest non- capital city within the European Union with a population of over 1.9 million.
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